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How does organ-on-a-chip technology work and what are its applications?

Organ-on-a-chip technology represents a revolutionary bioengineering approach that recreates functional miniature organ systems on microfluidic devices, typically the size of a computer memory stick. These sophisticated platforms contain living human cells cultured within precisely engineered microchannels that mimic the complex architecture, mechanical forces, and biochemical environment of actual organs. By incorporating fluid flow, mechanical strain, and multiple cell types arranged in tissue-relevant configurations, organ-on-a-chip systems replicate key physiological functions and disease processes far more accurately than traditional cell culture methods. The technology bridges the gap between simple laboratory models and human clinical testing.